56

This number is a composite.

+ Sigma(56) equals the first prime of the form 6n - 1 factorial, 5!. [Noll]

+ 256 - 1 - 56 + 1 is prime. [Noll]

+ The number of products of distinct primes less than or equal to 11 (the only palindromic prime with an even number of digits) which are congruent to -1 mod 11 is 56. [Noll]

+ D. H. Lehmer showed that Meissel's calculation of primes less than a billion was 56 too few.

+ The product of all composite numbers up to 56 (i.e., compositorial 56) plus 1 is prime. Note that this prime consists of 56 digits. [Gupta]

+ 56 = sigma(sigma(sigma(5+6))). 56 is the smallest multidigit number with this property and there is only one other. [Firoozbakht]

+ The smallest number that can be expressed as a sum of two distinct primes, each ending with the digit 3, in two different ways (56 = 3 + 53 = 13 + 43). [Sladcik]

+ prime(56) = prime(5)*prime(6)+sigma(56). 56 is the only known number (up to 3*10^8) with this property. [Firoozbakht]

+ . (56, 58) is the only pair of successive double-digit even composite numbers m, n with composite reversals, R(m), R(n), such that m^4 + [R(m)]^4 and n^4 + [R(n)]^4, i.e., 56^4 + 65^4 and 58^4 + 85^4, are also primes. [Loungrides]

+ The smallest oblong number which is the product of two semiprimes. [Gupta]

(There are 4 curios for this number that have not yet been approved by an editor.)

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